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Liquid rheostat
A liquid rheostat or water rheostat or salt water rheostat is a type of variable resistor. It consists of a tank containing brine, in which electrodes are submerged to create an electrical load. The electrodes may be raised or lowered into the liquid to respectively decrease or increase the electrical resistance of the load. To stabilize the load, the mixture must not be allowed to boil. The salt water rheostat operates at unity power factor and was widely used by generator assemblers, until 20 years ago, as a matter of course. They are still constructed for the commissioning of large diesel generators in remote places, where discarded oil drums and scaffold tubes typically form the tank and electrodes.
==Description==
Typically a liquid rheostat consists of a steel cylinder (the negative), about in size, standing on insulators, in which was suspended a hollow steel cylinder. This acted as the positive electrode and was supported by a steel rope and insulator from an adjustable pulley. The water pipe connection included an insulated section. The tank contained salt water, but not at the concentration that could be described as “brine”. The whole device was fenced off for safety.
Operation was very simple, as adding more salt, more water or varying the height of the centre electrode would vary the load. The load proved to be quite stable, varying only slightly as the water heated up. It never came to the boil. Power dissipation was about 1 megawatt, at a potential of about 700 volts and current of about 1,500 amperes.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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